The European Space Agency funds research on risks related to satellite positioning systems

As discussed several times on this site, the risks associated with satellite-based positioning and vessel tracking systems are numerous. In this context, the European Space Agency (European Space Agency, ESA) has recently announced that it is funding a feasibility study to develop solutions aimed at securing these systems.

ESA has awarded a contract to the Swiss company CYSEC SA to identify possible approaches for strengthening the security of satellite-based ship tracking and positioning services used in the maritime sector. The main risks involve spoofing and jamming of satellite positioning systems (GNSS), as discussed previously here.

It is less widely known that AIS (Automatic Identification System) data can also be transmitted via satellite. In this case, it is referred to as S-AIS or SAT-AIS. A quick look at the number of satellite-received AIS positions displayed on platforms such as Marine Traffic clearly illustrates how widespread this capability has become.

AIS data and GNSS signals received via satellite are essential for ensuring safe navigation for both current and future vessels, particularly in narrow straits and hazardous areas. They are also heavily relied upon by shipowners, insurers, and shore-based authorities for activity monitoring, anomaly detection, and search and rescue operations. However, the number of GNSS jamming and spoofing incidents has increased significantly in recent years. This trend has even prompted the United States to raise the issue at the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

The objective of the ESA-funded study is therefore to address both GNSS security and the security of the S-AIS communication link. I will revisit this topic if the results of the study are made public. One can reasonably expect to see proposals involving cryptographic protections, sensor quality assessment, and anomaly detection mechanisms.